![]() ![]() During his reign, communist ideas were banned. Many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance. He decided to abolish Yugoslavia's historic regions, and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas. In fact, Italy and Germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after World War I, and the Soviets were determined to regain their positions in Europe and pursue a more active international policy.Īlexander attempted to create a centralised Yugoslavia. None of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by Alexander I. However, Alexander's policies later encountered opposition from other European powers stemming from developments in Italy and Germany, where Fascists and Nazis rose to power, and the Soviet Union, where Joseph Stalin became absolute ruler. He imposed a new constitution and relinquished his dictatorship in 1931. He hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions. ![]() On 6 January 1929, King Alexander I got rid of the constitution, banned national political parties, assumed executive power, and renamed the country Yugoslavia. On 20 June 1928, Serb deputy Puniša Račić shot at five members of the opposition Croatian Peasant Party in the National Assembly, resulting in the death of two deputies on the spot and that of leader Stjepan Radić a few weeks later. This state dissolved when Montenegro and Serbia each became independent states in 2006, with Kosovo having an ongoing dispute over its declaration of independence in 2008. Eventually, it accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession and in 2003 its official name was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. This state aspired to the status of sole legal successor to the SFRY, but those claims were opposed by the other former republics. From 1993 to 2017, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia tried political and military leaders from the former Yugoslavia for war crimes, genocide, and other crimes committed during those wars.Īfter the breakup, the republics of Montenegro and Serbia formed a reduced federative state, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), known from 2003 to 2006 as Serbia and Montenegro. After an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and the rise of nationalism and ethnic tensions, Yugoslavia broke up along its republics' borders, at first into five countries, leading to the Yugoslav Wars. Socialist Republic of Serbia contained two Socialist Autonomous Provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo, which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation. The six constituent republics that made up the SFRY were the Socialist Republics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. In 1963, the country was renamed for the final time, as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito ruled the country from 1944 as prime minister and later as president until his death in 1980. It acquired the territories of Istria, Rijeka, and Zadar from Italy. Yugoslavia was renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1945, when a communist government was established. The monarchy was subsequently abolished in November 1945. In 1944, King Peter II, then living in exile, recognised it as the legitimate government. In 1943, a Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was proclaimed by the Partisan resistance. The Kingdom was invaded by the Axis powers on 6 April 1941. The official name of the state was changed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929. The kingdom gained international recognition on 13 July 1922 at the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris. Peter I of Serbia was its first sovereign. It came into existence in 1918 following World War I, under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from the merger of the Kingdom of Serbia with the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (which was formed from territories of the former Austria-Hungary), and constituted the first union of South Slavic peoples as a sovereign state, following centuries of foreign rule over the region under the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. 'Land of the South Slavs') was a country in Southeast and Central Europe which existed from 1918 to 1992. Yugoslavia ( / ˌ j uː ɡ oʊ ˈ s l ɑː v i ə/ Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslavija / Југославија Slovene: Jugoslavija Macedonian: Југославија lit. ![]()
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